Moderating Role Of Governance And Ownership -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Moderating Role Of Governance And Ownership? Answer: Introducation The hypothesis mainly revolves around the dividend that is paid by the organisation to its shareholders. In addition., the signalling hypothesis indicates that any increment or decline in the dividend value directly effects the actual share price of the organisation. The investors value share price on the basis of dividend that is provided by the company. Moreover, if the market infers are any increment or decline in companys share value the signalling hypotheses take control and changes share value of the organisation (Wright et al. 2015). Free Cash Flow Hypothesis: The free cash flow hypothesis is mainly used by organisation to depict the extra cash available after conducting its operations. The investors by detecting the free cash flow after the dividend payment are able to understand the actual value of the company and identify its actual share value. The management when investing in new projects use low dividend policy, while on occasion to meet investor expectation the management increases the dividend level to boost its share price and acquire additional funds (Bhandari and Adams 2017). The clientele effect: Clientele or investors mainly needs different dividend policy from organisation, as it helps in improving their return from investment. Any changes in dividend policy by the organisation could directly affect its clientele and reduce demand among investors (Bodie, Kane and Marcus 2014). Discussing five reasons for companies to choose repurchase rather dividends under a classical tax system: The five reasons for companies choosing repurchase rather than dividend is provision for flexibility, providing executive compensation, decrease in stock dilution, improving undervaluation of stock and tax advantage. The above five reasons mainly instigate companies to use repurchase rather than dividends, as it allows the company to improve their performance in the stock market and raise their stock valuation. Moreover, tax benefits provided by the move also allows the company to reduce tax outflow for the fiscal year and strengthen its market valuation. Magin (2015) mentioned that repurchases directly reduces the supply of share in the market, while its demand being same, which helps in raising its value among investors. This allows the company to raise their share value and increase the level of market capitalisation in the stock market. Identifying final dividend for Cardno Limited: Balance Date Dividend Type Cent Per Share dollar per share percentage change 30/06/2015 Final 7.00 0.07 -10.00% 30/06/2014 Final 17.00 0.17 -1.00% 30/06/2013 Final 18.00 0.18 0.00% 30/06/2012 Final 18.00 0.18 1.00% 30/06/2011 Final 17.00 0.17 2.00% 30/06/2010 Final 15.00 0.15 1.00% 30/06/2009 Final 14.00 0.14 0.00% 30/06/2008 Final 14.00 0.14 1.50% Calculating three-day return earned by the firm through day before and after the announcement: Date ANN return 17-Aug-15 1.273885% 18-Aug-15 -6.918239% 19-Aug-15 -1.351351% 18-Aug-14 1.436782% 19-Aug-14 3.966006% 20-Aug-14 4.087193% 19-Aug-13 1.699717% 20-Aug-13 -0.278552% 21-Aug-13 0.000000% 13-Aug-12 0.212314% 14-Aug-12 -0.211864% 15-Aug-12 -1.273885% 15-Aug-11 1.718213% 16-Aug-11 2.702703% 17-Aug-11 0.986842% 16-Aug-10 -1.369863% 17-Aug-10 2.314815% 18-Aug-10 3.167421% 17-Aug-09 2.654867% 18-Aug-09 4.741379% 19-Aug-09 1.646091% 18-Aug-08 3.896104% 19-Aug-08 6.666667% 20-Aug-08 0.000000% Calculating the market return for the corresponding periods: Date ASX return 17-Aug-15 0.209092% 18-Aug-15 -1.203495% 19-Aug-15 1.453867% 18-Aug-14 0.370071% 19-Aug-14 0.656870% 20-Aug-14 0.192041% 19-Aug-13 -0.027376% 20-Aug-13 -0.670905% 21-Aug-13 0.429286% 13-Aug-12 0.140275% 14-Aug-12 0.207784% 15-Aug-12 -0.256279% 15-Aug-11 2.643436% 16-Aug-11 -0.831212% 17-Aug-11 1.332611% 16-Aug-10 -0.473137% 17-Aug-10 0.867410% 18-Aug-10 -0.046906% 17-Aug-09 -1.627438% 18-Aug-09 -0.154954% 19-Aug-09 -0.182582% 18-Aug-08 0.066242% 19-Aug-08 -2.379137% 20-Aug-08 1.296646% Calculating excess returns: Excess return Date ANN return ASX return Excess Return 17-Aug-15 1.273885% 0.209092% 1.064794% 18-Aug-15 -6.918239% -1.203495% -5.714744% 19-Aug-15 -1.351351% 1.453867% -2.805218% 18-Aug-14 1.436782% 0.370071% 1.066711% 19-Aug-14 3.966006% 0.656870% 3.309135% 20-Aug-14 4.087193% 0.192041% 3.895152% 19-Aug-13 1.699717% -0.027376% 1.727093% 20-Aug-13 -0.278552% -0.670905% 0.392353% 21-Aug-13 0.000000% 0.429286% -0.429286% 13-Aug-12 0.212314% 0.140275% 0.072039% 14-Aug-12 -0.211864% 0.207784% -0.419648% 15-Aug-12 -1.273885% -0.256279% -1.017607% 15-Aug-11 1.718213% 2.643436% -0.925223% 16-Aug-11 2.702703% -0.831212% 3.533915% 17-Aug-11 0.986842% 1.332611% -0.345769% 16-Aug-10 -1.369863% -0.473137% -0.896726% 17-Aug-10 2.314815% 0.867410% 1.447405% 18-Aug-10 3.167421% -0.046906% 3.214327% 17-Aug-09 2.654867% -1.627438% 4.282305% 18-Aug-09 4.741379% -0.154954% 4.896333% 19-Aug-09 1.646091% -0.182582% 1.828672% 18-Aug-08 3.896104% 0.066242% 3.829861% 19-Aug-08 6.666667% -2.379137% 9.045804% 20-Aug-08 0.000000% 1.296646% -1.296646% Discussing relevant theory with the findings: From the evaluation of above table relevant policy affecting share price of Cardno Limited can be identified, which indicates that the organisation is affected by dividend policy theory. The share price movement of the company in the day of announcement mainly shows that increment or decline in its value (Evgeniou, Vermaelen and Yue 2016). This directly states that the shareholders are using the dividends provided by the organisation to determine its price levels. Reference Au.finance.yahoo.com. (2018).^AXJO Historical prices | SP/ASX 200 Stock - Yahoo Finance. [online] Available at: https://au.finance.yahoo.com/quote/%5EAXJO/history?period1=1218306600period2=1219343400interval=1dfilter=historyfrequency=1d [Accessed 26 Jan. 2018]. Au.finance.yahoo.com. (2018).CDD.AX Historical prices | CARDNO FPO Stock - Yahoo Finance. [online] Available at: https://au.finance.yahoo.com/quote/CDD.AX/history?period1=1218306600period2=1219343400interval=1dfilter=historyfrequency=1d [Accessed 26 Jan. 2018]. Bhandari, S.B. and Adams, M.T., 2017. On the Definition, Measurement, and Use of the Free Cash Flow Concept in Financial Reporting and Analysis: A Review and Recommendations.Journal of Accounting and Finance,17(1), pp.11-19. Bodie, Z., Kane, A. and Marcus, A.J., 2014.Investments, 10e. McGraw-Hill Education. Chong, W.L., Hassan, T., Ting, K.H. and Cheng, F.F., 2015. Free cash flow and its impacts on agency costs and performance of REITs in Asia. In25th International Business Information Management Association Conference-Innovation Vision 2020: From Regional Development Sustainability to Global Economic Growth, IBIMA 2015. International Business Information Management Association, IBIMA. Evgeniou, T., Vermaelen, T. and Yue, L., 2016. Network Centrality and Managerial Market Timing Ability: Evidence from Open-Market Repurchase Announcements. Isa, M., Ghani, Z. and Lee, S.P., 2017. Market reaction to actual share repurchase in Malaysia.Asian Journal of Business and Accounting,4(2). Kawano, L., 2014. The dividend clientele hypothesis: Evidence from the 2003 tax act.American Economic Journal: Economic Policy,6(1), pp.114-136. Lai, H.H., Lin, S.H., Hsu, A.C. and Chang, C.J., 2017. SHARE REPURCHASE, CASH DIVIDEND AND FUTURE PROFITABILITY.International Journal of Organizational Innovation (Online),9(3), p.101C. Lin, C.M. and Chang, C.H., 2016. CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND MEASURING THE LIKELIHOOD OF FALSE SHARE REPURCHASE: THE APPLICATION OF A ONE-SIDED RESPONSE BIAS MODEL.Advances in Financial Planning and Forecasting, (7), pp.91-116. Magin, K., 2015. Generic Existence of Equilibria in Finite Horizon Finance Economies with Stochastic Taxation.The Center for Risk Management Research Working Paper,10. Nekhili, M., Amar, I.F.B., Chtioui, T. and Lakhal, F., 2016. Free cash flow and earnings management: The moderating role of governance and ownership.Journal of Applied Business Research,32(1), p.255. Qing, H., 2016. Is there information leakage prior to share repurchase announcements? Evidence from daily options trading.Journal of Financial Markets,27(C), pp.79-101. Travlos, N.G., Trigeorgis, L. and Vafeas, N., 2015. Shareholder wealth effects of dividend policy changes in an emerging stock market: The case of Cyprus. Wright, J.T., Cartier, K.M., Zhao, M., Jontof-Hutter, D. and Ford, E.B., 2015. The ? search for extraterrestrial civilizations with large energy supplies. IV. The signatures and information content of transiting megastructures.The Astrophysical Journal,816(1), p.17. Zhang, D., Cao, H., Dickinson, D.G. and Kutan, A.M., 2016. Free cash flows and overinvestment: Further evidence from Chinese energy firms.Energy Economics,58, pp.116-124.